在當(dāng)今建筑領(lǐng)域，外墻保溫的意義已遠(yuǎn)超單純的節(jié)能范疇。隨著全球?qū)沙掷m(xù)發(fā)展的重視以及人們對生活品質(zhì)追求的提升，外墻保溫成為建筑節(jié)能降耗、踐行綠色環(huán)保理念的關(guān)鍵一環(huán)。它不僅能有效降低建筑能耗，助力實現(xiàn)節(jié)能減排的宏偉目標(biāo)，還能為居住者營造出四季如春、靜謐舒適的生活空間，極大地提升居住體驗。在眾多保溫材料中，外墻巖棉板憑借其卓越的性能優(yōu)勢，一躍成為外墻保溫工程的寵兒。其極低的導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)，如同給建筑披上了一層高效的隔熱鎧甲，能最大限度地阻止熱量在墻體間的傳導(dǎo)，確保室內(nèi)溫度穩(wěn)定，顯著降低空調(diào)、暖氣等設(shè)備的運轉(zhuǎn)頻率，為節(jié)能減排做出切實貢獻(xiàn)。出色的防火阻燃特性，更是讓其在火災(zāi)發(fā)生時成為可靠的防火墻，有效延緩火勢蔓延，為人員疏散和消防救援爭取寶貴時間。而且，外墻巖棉板具備極佳的化學(xué)穩(wěn)定性，在復(fù)雜多變的自然環(huán)境中，能長期保持穩(wěn)定性能，不易老化、變質(zhì)。正是這些突出特性，使得外墻巖棉板在建筑外墻保溫工程中占據(jù)了重要地位。然而，要充分發(fā)揮其優(yōu)勢，一套科學(xué)、嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)氖┕し桨甘遣豢苫蛉钡?，它直接關(guān)系到整個外墻保溫系統(tǒng)的質(zhì)量優(yōu)劣與使用效果。接下來，就讓我們深入到外墻巖棉板施工方案的每一個細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)，全面剖析這一關(guān)乎建筑品質(zhì)的核心要素。

　　In today's construction field, the significance of external wall insulation has far exceeded the scope of simple energy conservation. With the global emphasis on sustainable development and the increasing pursuit of quality of life, external wall insulation has become a key part of building energy conservation, consumption reduction, and the implementation of green environmental protection concepts. It can not only effectively reduce building energy consumption and help achieve the grand goal of energy conservation and emission reduction, but also create a peaceful and comfortable living space for residents throughout the year, greatly enhancing the living experience. Among numerous insulation materials, rock wool board for exterior walls has become the darling of exterior wall insulation engineering due to its outstanding performance advantages. Its extremely low thermal conductivity is like putting an efficient insulation armor on the building, which can prevent heat conduction between walls to the maximum extent, ensure stable indoor temperature, significantly reduce the operating frequency of air conditioning, heating and other equipment, and make practical contributions to energy conservation and emission reduction. The excellent fire and flame retardant properties make it a reliable firewall in the event of a fire, effectively delaying the spread of the fire and buying valuable time for personnel evacuation and firefighting rescue. Moreover, the exterior rock wool board has excellent chemical stability, which can maintain stable performance for a long time in complex and changing natural environments, and is not easily aged or deteriorated. It is precisely these outstanding characteristics that make the exterior rock wool board occupy an important position in building exterior wall insulation engineering. However, to fully leverage its advantages, a scientific and rigorous construction plan is indispensable, as it directly affects the quality and effectiveness of the entire exterior wall insulation system. Next, let's delve into every subtle aspect of the construction plan for the exterior wall rock wool board, and comprehensively analyze this core element that is related to building quality.

　　施工前準(zhǔn)備材料準(zhǔn)備

　　Preparation of materials before construction

　　1.外墻巖棉板：作為外墻保溫系統(tǒng)的核心材料，外墻巖棉板的質(zhì)量是決定整個工程成敗的關(guān)鍵。在選擇巖棉板時，必須嚴(yán)格遵循設(shè)計要求，對各項性能指標(biāo)進(jìn)行細(xì)致入微的把控。一塊優(yōu)質(zhì)的巖棉板，其導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)通常在?0.04W/（m?K）以下，這意味著熱量在通過巖棉板時會受到極大阻礙，室內(nèi)的冷熱空氣難以與外界進(jìn)行熱交換，從而實現(xiàn)高效保溫，為室內(nèi)溫度的穩(wěn)定提供堅實保障。良好的憎水性也是評判巖棉板質(zhì)量的重要標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，優(yōu)質(zhì)巖棉板的憎水率可達(dá)?98%?以上，這使得它在面對雨水、潮濕空氣等惡劣環(huán)境時，能夠有效阻止水分滲透，避免因受潮而導(dǎo)致保溫性能大幅下降。同時，在施工及長期使用過程中，巖棉板需承受一定的壓力和拉力，因此其抗壓強度一般應(yīng)不低于?40KPa，抗拉強度不低于?10KPa，這樣才能確保巖棉板在各種情況下都能保持完整的結(jié)構(gòu)，不發(fā)生變形或損壞。

　　1. Exterior wall rock wool board: As the core material of the exterior wall insulation system, the quality of the exterior wall rock wool board is the key to determining the success or failure of the entire project. When choosing rock wool board, it is necessary to strictly follow the design requirements and carefully control various performance indicators. What is the thermal conductivity of a high-quality rock wool board? Below 0.04W/(m? K), this means that heat will be greatly hindered when passing through the rock wool board, making it difficult for the indoor hot and cold air to exchange heat with the outside, thus achieving efficient insulation and providing a solid guarantee for the stability of indoor temperature. Good hydrophobicity is also an important criterion for evaluating the quality of rock wool board. The hydrophobicity rate of high-quality rock wool board can reach? 98%? Above all, this enables it to effectively prevent moisture infiltration when facing harsh environments such as rainwater and humid air, avoiding a significant decrease in insulation performance due to moisture. Meanwhile, during construction and long-term use, rock wool board needs to withstand certain pressure and tension, so its compressive strength should generally not be lower than? 40KPa， Is the tensile strength not lower than? 10KPa， This can ensure that the rock wool board can maintain its intact structure in various situations, without deformation or damage.

　　2.粘結(jié)劑：粘結(jié)劑在整個保溫系統(tǒng)中扮演著連接巖棉板與基層墻體的關(guān)鍵角色，其性能優(yōu)劣直接決定了保溫系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定性。一款優(yōu)質(zhì)的粘結(jié)劑，其粘結(jié)強度必須足夠高，通常與巖棉板的拉伸粘結(jié)強度應(yīng)不低于?0.1MPa，且破壞部位應(yīng)位于巖棉板內(nèi)，這表明粘結(jié)劑與巖棉板之間形成了極為牢固的結(jié)合，能夠有效抵御日常風(fēng)吹日曬、溫度劇烈變化等外界因素的影響。在耐候性方面，粘結(jié)劑需具備出色的性能，無論是在嚴(yán)寒的北方冬季，還是在高溫多雨的南方夏季，都能始終保持穩(wěn)定的粘結(jié)效果，不會出現(xiàn)老化、脫落等問題。這就要求粘結(jié)劑在研發(fā)過程中，選用優(yōu)質(zhì)的原材料，并經(jīng)過嚴(yán)格的耐候性測試，確保在復(fù)雜多變的自然環(huán)境中，依然能夠為保溫系統(tǒng)提供可靠的粘結(jié)保障。

　　2. Adhesive: Adhesive plays a key role in connecting rock wool board and base wall in the entire insulation system, and its performance directly determines the stability of the insulation system. A high-quality adhesive must have a sufficiently high bonding strength, and the tensile bonding strength with rock wool board should not be lower than? 0.1MPa， And the damaged part should be located inside the rock wool board, indicating that the adhesive has formed an extremely strong bond with the rock wool board, which can effectively resist the influence of external factors such as daily wind and sun exposure, and drastic temperature changes. In terms of weather resistance, the adhesive needs to have excellent performance, whether it is in the cold northern winter or the hot and rainy southern summer, it can always maintain a stable bonding effect without aging, peeling and other problems. This requires the use of high-quality raw materials and rigorous weather resistance testing in the development process of adhesives to ensure reliable bonding protection for insulation systems in complex and changing natural environments.

　　3.錨固件：錨固件作為保溫系統(tǒng)的?“安全衛(wèi)士”，為巖棉板與墻體的連接增添了一道堅固的防線。其材質(zhì)的選擇至關(guān)重要，一般選用不銹鋼或經(jīng)過特殊防腐處理的金屬材質(zhì)，以確保在長期使用過程中，不會因生銹腐蝕而影響其錨固性能。錨固件的規(guī)格確定則需要綜合考慮多種因素，包括工程所在地的風(fēng)荷載大小、墻體材質(zhì)以及巖棉板的厚度等。以沿海地區(qū)的高層建筑為例，由于海風(fēng)較大，風(fēng)荷載對保溫系統(tǒng)的影響顯著，此時就需要選用直徑較大、長度較長且錨固力更強的錨固件，一般來說，錨固件的有效錨固深度應(yīng)不小于?25mm，才能確保在強風(fēng)等惡劣天氣條件下，巖棉板能夠穩(wěn)穩(wěn)地固定在墻體上，避免發(fā)生脫落危險。

　　3. Anchors: Are anchors used as insulation systems? The 'security guard' adds a strong line of defense to the connection between the rock wool board and the wall. The selection of its material is crucial. Generally, stainless steel or metal materials that have undergone special anti-corrosion treatment are chosen to ensure that their anchoring performance will not be affected by rust and corrosion during long-term use. The determination of anchor specifications requires comprehensive consideration of various factors, including the wind load size of the project location, wall material, and thickness of rock wool board. Taking high-rise buildings in coastal areas as an example, due to the strong sea breeze, the wind load has a significant impact on the insulation system. At this time, it is necessary to choose anchors with larger diameter, longer length, and stronger anchoring force. Generally speaking, the effective anchoring depth of anchors should not be less than? 25mm， Only then can we ensure that the rock wool board can be firmly fixed on the wall under harsh weather conditions such as strong winds, avoiding the risk of falling off.

　　4.耐堿玻纖網(wǎng)格布：耐堿玻纖網(wǎng)格布是增強墻面抗裂性能和整體性的重要材料。它具有高強度、低延伸率的特性，其斷裂強力一般經(jīng)向不低于?1250N/50mm，緯向不低于?1000N/50mm，這使得它能夠在墻面因溫度變化、地基沉降等原因產(chǎn)生應(yīng)力時，有效分散這些應(yīng)力，從而避免墻面出現(xiàn)裂縫。同時，網(wǎng)格布表面經(jīng)過特殊的耐堿處理，能夠在堿性環(huán)境中保持穩(wěn)定的性能。因為在建筑施工過程中，墻面基層往往呈堿性，若網(wǎng)格布不耐堿，其強度會隨著時間推移而逐漸降低，無法發(fā)揮應(yīng)有的抗裂作用。經(jīng)過耐堿處理的網(wǎng)格布，能夠大大延長其使用壽命，為墻面的長期穩(wěn)定性提供保障。

　　4. Alkali resistant fiberglass mesh fabric: Alkali resistant fiberglass mesh fabric is an important material for enhancing the crack resistance and overall integrity of walls. It has the characteristics of high strength and low elongation, and its fracture strength is generally not lower than? 1250N/50mm， Is the latitude not lower than? 1000N/50mm， This enables it to effectively disperse the stress generated on the wall due to temperature changes, foundation settlement, and other reasons, thereby avoiding cracks on the wall. At the same time, the surface of the mesh cloth has undergone special alkali resistance treatment, which can maintain stable performance in alkaline environments. Because during the construction process, the base layer of the wall is often alkaline. If the mesh cloth is not alkali resistant, its strength will gradually decrease over time and it will not be able to exert its expected crack resistance. The alkali resistant mesh cloth can greatly extend its service life and provide guarantee for the long-term stability of the wall.

　　工具準(zhǔn)備

　　Tool preparation

　　1.電動攪拌器：電動攪拌器在施工過程中承擔(dān)著攪拌粘結(jié)劑和抹面膠漿的重要任務(wù)，其工作狀態(tài)直接影響材料的混合效果和使用性能。在施工前，務(wù)必對電動攪拌器進(jìn)行全面檢查。啟動攪拌器，觀察電機(jī)運轉(zhuǎn)是否平穩(wěn)、順暢，有無異常噪音或卡頓現(xiàn)象。同時，仔細(xì)檢查攪拌葉片是否有損壞、變形，若葉片出現(xiàn)問題，在攪拌過程中會導(dǎo)致材料攪拌不均勻，影響粘結(jié)劑和抹面膠漿的性能。一旦發(fā)現(xiàn)問題，應(yīng)及時進(jìn)行維修或更換，以確保攪拌工作能夠順利進(jìn)行，保證施工進(jìn)度不受影響。

　　1. Electric mixer: The electric mixer plays an important role in mixing adhesives and plastering slurry during the construction process, and its working state directly affects the mixing effect and performance of the materials. Before construction, it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive inspection of the electric mixer. Start the mixer and observe whether the motor runs smoothly and steadily, and whether there are any abnormal noises or lagging phenomena. At the same time, carefully check whether the mixing blades are damaged or deformed. If there is a problem with the blades, it will cause uneven mixing of the material during the mixing process, which will affect the performance of the adhesive and plaster. Once a problem is discovered, it should be repaired or replaced in a timely manner to ensure the smooth progress of the mixing work and ensure that the construction schedule is not affected.

　　2.鋸齒抹子：鋸齒抹子在涂抹粘結(jié)劑和抹面膠漿時發(fā)揮著獨特作用。它能夠使材料涂抹得更加均勻，并且形成特定的條紋狀。這些條紋增加了材料與巖棉板和墻面的接觸面積，從而顯著提高粘結(jié)效果。在使用鋸齒抹子前，要認(rèn)真檢查鋸齒是否鋒利、整齊。若鋸齒出現(xiàn)磨損、缺口等情況，在涂抹材料時會導(dǎo)致涂抹厚度不均勻，影響粘結(jié)質(zhì)量。對于磨損嚴(yán)重的鋸齒抹子，應(yīng)及時更換，以保證施工質(zhì)量符合標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。

　　2. Sawtooth trowel: Sawtooth trowels play a unique role in applying adhesives and surface coatings. It can make the material applied more evenly and form specific stripes. These stripes increase the contact area between the material and the rock wool board and wall, thereby significantly improving the bonding effect. Before using a serrated spatula, carefully check if the serrations are sharp and neat. If the serrations show wear, gaps, etc., it will cause uneven coating thickness when applying materials, affecting the bonding quality. For severely worn serrated trowels, they should be replaced in a timely manner to ensure that the construction quality meets the standards.

　　3.靠尺：靠尺是檢查墻面平整度和巖棉板鋪貼平整度的關(guān)鍵工具。在整個施工過程中，需要頻繁使用靠尺進(jìn)行測量和調(diào)整?？砍叩臏?zhǔn)確性直接關(guān)系到墻面和巖棉板的平整度是否符合規(guī)范要求。在使用前，要仔細(xì)檢查靠尺是否有彎曲變形，刻度是否清晰準(zhǔn)確?？梢詫⒖砍叻胖迷谒降钠脚_上，觀察其是否能夠保持水平，若靠尺出現(xiàn)彎曲，測量結(jié)果將出現(xiàn)偏差，導(dǎo)致墻面或巖棉板鋪貼不平整。同時，刻度不清晰也會影響測量的準(zhǔn)確性，因此必須確?？砍咛幱诹己玫墓ぷ鳡顟B(tài)。

　　3. Measuring tape: Measuring tape is a key tool for checking the flatness of wall surfaces and the flatness of rock wool board paving. Throughout the construction process, it is necessary to frequently use a ruler for measurement and adjustment. The accuracy of the ruler is directly related to whether the flatness of the wall and rock wool board meets the regulatory requirements. Before use, carefully check whether the ruler is bent or deformed, and whether the scale is clear and accurate. You can place the ruler on a horizontal platform and observe whether it can maintain its level. If the ruler bends, the measurement results will deviate, resulting in uneven wall or rock wool board paving. At the same time, unclear scales can also affect the accuracy of measurements, so it is necessary to ensure that the ruler is in good working condition.

　　4.壁紙刀：壁紙刀主要用于裁剪巖棉板和耐堿玻纖網(wǎng)格布，使其尺寸精準(zhǔn)符合施工要求。在施工過程中，保持壁紙刀的鋒利至關(guān)重要。鋒利的壁紙刀能夠輕松、準(zhǔn)確地進(jìn)行裁剪，保證裁剪邊緣整齊、光滑，有利于后續(xù)的鋪貼工作。若壁紙刀變鈍，不僅裁剪困難，還可能導(dǎo)致裁剪邊緣參差不齊，影響施工質(zhì)量。在使用壁紙刀時，務(wù)必注意安全，避免因操作不當(dāng)劃傷手指。

　　4. Wallpaper knife: The wallpaper knife is mainly used to cut rock wool boards and alkali resistant fiberglass mesh cloth, making their size precise and meet the construction requirements. It is crucial to maintain the sharpness of the wallpaper knife during the construction process. A sharp wallpaper knife can easily and accurately cut, ensuring neat and smooth cutting edges, which is beneficial for subsequent tiling work. If the wallpaper knife becomes dull, it not only makes cutting difficult, but may also lead to uneven cutting edges, affecting the quality of construction. When using a wallpaper knife, be sure to pay attention to safety and avoid scratching your fingers due to improper operation.

　　5.電鉆：安裝錨固件時，電鉆用于在墻體和巖棉板上鉆孔。施工前，要檢查電鉆的電池電量是否充足，確保在施工過程中不會因電量不足而中斷工作。同時，檢查鉆頭是否鋒利，鋒利的鉆頭能夠提高鉆孔效率，保證鉆孔質(zhì)量。此外，要根據(jù)錨固件的規(guī)格準(zhǔn)確選擇合適的鉆頭直徑。若鉆頭直徑過大或過小，都會影響錨固件的安裝效果，無法保證其錨固牢固性。

　　5. Electric drill: When installing anchor components, an electric drill is used to drill holes in walls and rock wool boards. Before construction, it is necessary to check whether the battery level of the electric drill is sufficient to ensure that the work will not be interrupted due to insufficient power during the construction process. At the same time, check if the drill bit is sharp. A sharp drill bit can improve drilling efficiency and ensure drilling quality. In addition, it is necessary to accurately select the appropriate drill bit diameter based on the specifications of the anchor. If the diameter of the drill bit is too large or too small, it will affect the installation effect of the anchor and cannot guarantee its anchoring firmness.

　　基層處理

　　Grassroots treatment

　　1.表面清理：基層墻體表面的清潔狀況是影響粘結(jié)效果的首要因素。在施工前，必須對墻體表面進(jìn)行徹底清理，確保無油污、脫模劑、灰塵等任何妨礙粘結(jié)的附著物。對于油污和脫模劑，這些物質(zhì)會在墻體表面形成一層隔離膜，嚴(yán)重阻礙粘結(jié)劑與墻體的有效粘結(jié)。因此，需要使用專用的清潔劑進(jìn)行清洗，清潔劑能夠溶解油污和脫模劑，然后用大量清水沖洗干凈，確保墻體表面無殘留。對于灰塵，可采用掃帚先進(jìn)行初步清掃，去除大面積的灰塵，再使用吸塵器進(jìn)行細(xì)致清理，將墻體表面的微小灰塵顆粒徹底清除，為后續(xù)的粘結(jié)工作創(chuàng)造良好的基礎(chǔ)條件。

　　1. Surface cleaning: The cleanliness of the surface of the base wall is the primary factor affecting the bonding effect. Before construction, the surface of the wall must be thoroughly cleaned to ensure that there are no oil stains, release agents, dust, or any other attachments that hinder bonding. For oil stains and release agents, these substances will form a layer of isolation film on the surface of the wall, seriously hindering the effective bonding between the adhesive and the wall. Therefore, it is necessary to use specialized cleaning agents for cleaning, which can dissolve oil stains and release agents, and then rinse thoroughly with a large amount of water to ensure that there are no residues on the wall surface. For dust, a broom can be used for initial cleaning to remove large areas of dust, and then a vacuum cleaner can be used for detailed cleaning to thoroughly remove small dust particles on the surface of the wall, creating a good foundation for subsequent bonding work.

　　2.平整度檢查與找平：使用靠尺對基層墻體的平整度進(jìn)行全面、細(xì)致的檢查。規(guī)范要求基層墻體的平整度誤差應(yīng)控制在?±4mm?以內(nèi)，若偏差超出此范圍，就需要進(jìn)行找平處理。對于墻面局部不平整的部位，如小面積的凹陷或凸起，可采用水泥砂漿進(jìn)行修補。將水泥砂漿涂抹在不平整處，用抹子進(jìn)行抹平、壓實，使其與周圍墻面平齊。對于大面積不平整的墻面，則需采用專用的墻面找平材料進(jìn)行找平。這些找平材料具有良好的流動性和粘結(jié)性，能夠更好地適應(yīng)大面積墻面的找平需求。在找平過程中，要多次使用靠尺進(jìn)行測量，確保找平后的墻面平整度符合規(guī)范要求，為后續(xù)巖棉板的鋪貼提供平整、堅實的基層。

　　2. Flatness inspection and leveling: Use a ruler to conduct a comprehensive and detailed inspection of the flatness of the base wall. What is the standard requirement to control the flatness error of the base wall within? Within ± 4mm, if the deviation exceeds this range, leveling treatment is required. For locally uneven parts of the wall, such as small depressions or protrusions, cement mortar can be used for repair. Apply cement mortar to uneven areas, smooth and compact with a trowel to make it flush with the surrounding walls. For large areas of uneven walls, specialized wall leveling materials need to be used for leveling. These leveling materials have good fluidity and adhesion, which can better adapt to the leveling needs of large areas of walls. During the leveling process, it is necessary to use a ruler multiple times to measure and ensure that the flatness of the leveled wall meets the standard requirements, providing a smooth and solid base for the subsequent laying of rock wool boards.

　　施工流程詳解粘結(jié)劑涂抹

　　Construction process detailed explanation of adhesive application

　　1.滿粘法：滿粘法是將粘結(jié)劑均勻、全面地涂抹在巖棉板的整個背面，形成一層連續(xù)、完整且無任何間隙的粘結(jié)層。這種涂抹方式能夠為巖棉板提供最大的粘結(jié)面積，從而產(chǎn)生最強的粘結(jié)力。在一些對保溫系統(tǒng)粘結(jié)強度要求極高的工程中，如高層建筑外墻保溫，由于其面臨的風(fēng)力、重力等外力作用較大，滿粘法成為首選。在涂抹粘結(jié)劑時，需使用鋸齒抹子將粘結(jié)劑均勻地刮涂在巖棉板背面，涂抹厚度要嚴(yán)格控制在?3 - 5?毫米之間。過薄的粘結(jié)層可能導(dǎo)致粘結(jié)力不足，在使用過程中巖棉板容易脫落；而過厚的粘結(jié)層則會造成材料浪費，且可能影響粘結(jié)效果。刮涂完成后，應(yīng)迅速將巖棉板鋪貼到基層墻體上，因為粘結(jié)劑在空氣中暴露時間過長會逐漸干燥，降低粘結(jié)性能，所以要確保在粘結(jié)劑未干燥前完成鋪貼工作。

　　1. Full adhesion method: The full adhesion method is to evenly and comprehensively apply the adhesive to the entire back of the rock wool board, forming a continuous, complete and seamless bonding layer. This application method can provide the maximum bonding area for the rock wool board, thereby generating the strongest bonding force. In some projects that require extremely high bonding strength for insulation systems, such as high-rise building exterior wall insulation, due to the significant external forces such as wind and gravity, the full bonding method has become the preferred method. When applying adhesive, a serrated trowel should be used to evenly scrape the adhesive onto the back of the rock wool board, and the thickness of the application should be strictly controlled? 3 - 5? Between millimeters. An excessively thin bonding layer may result in insufficient bonding strength, and the rock wool board is prone to detachment during use; However, an excessively thick bonding layer can result in material waste and may affect the bonding effect. After the scraping coating is completed, the rock wool board should be quickly laid on the base wall, because the adhesive will gradually dry and reduce the bonding performance if exposed to air for too long. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure that the laying work is completed before the adhesive dries.

　　2.條粘法：條粘法是在巖棉板背面按照一定的間距涂抹若干條粘結(jié)劑帶。這種方法適用于基層墻體平整度較好的情況，相比滿粘法，它能夠在保證一定粘結(jié)效果的前提下，節(jié)省部分粘結(jié)劑材料。在采用條粘法時，粘結(jié)劑帶的寬度一般設(shè)定在?50 - 100?毫米之間，間距為?100 - 150?毫米，涂抹厚度同樣控制在?3 - 5?毫米。在涂抹過程中，要使用鋸齒抹子將粘結(jié)劑帶涂抹得均勻、飽滿，確保每條粘結(jié)劑帶的連續(xù)性和均勻性。涂抹完成后，需仔細(xì)檢查粘結(jié)劑帶是否存在斷點、厚度不均勻等問題，若有問題應(yīng)及時進(jìn)行修補，以保證粘結(jié)效果。

　　2. Strip bonding method: Strip bonding method is to apply several adhesive strips at certain intervals on the back of rock wool board. This method is suitable for situations where the flatness of the base wall is good. Compared to the full bonding method, it can save some adhesive materials while ensuring a certain bonding effect. When using the strip bonding method, the width of the adhesive tape is generally set at? 50 - 100? What is the distance between millimeters? 100 - 150? Millimeters, is the coating thickness also controlled within? 3 - 5? Millimeters. During the application process, a serrated trowel should be used to evenly and fully apply the adhesive tape, ensuring the continuity and uniformity of each adhesive tape. After application, it is necessary to carefully check whether the adhesive tape has any breakpoints, uneven thickness, or other issues. If there are any problems, they should be repaired in a timely manner to ensure the bonding effect.

　　巖棉板鋪貼

　　Laying of rock wool board

　　1.鋪貼順序：巖棉板的鋪貼必須嚴(yán)格遵循自下而上、沿水平方向進(jìn)行的原則。施工從墻體底部的邊角處開始，這是因為底部邊角是整個墻面的基礎(chǔ)，從這里開始鋪貼能夠更好地控制鋪貼的平整度和垂直度。逐塊向上鋪貼時，每一層巖棉板都要確保水平，可使用水平尺進(jìn)行測量。在鋪貼過程中，要特別注意相鄰巖棉板之間的拼接，板與板之間應(yīng)緊密貼合，不留任何縫隙。若出現(xiàn)縫隙過大的情況，會影響保溫效果，還可能導(dǎo)致墻面出現(xiàn)冷熱橋現(xiàn)象。此時，應(yīng)及時調(diào)整巖棉板的位置，使其緊密拼接；若縫隙過大無法通過調(diào)整位置解決，則需使用小塊巖棉板進(jìn)行填充，確保墻面的保溫性能不受影響。

　　1. Laying sequence: The laying of rock wool board must strictly follow the principle of bottom-up and horizontal direction. The construction starts from the bottom corner of the wall, because the bottom corner is the foundation of the entire wall. Starting from here can better control the flatness and verticality of the paving. When laying the rock wool board piece by piece, each layer should be ensured to be level, and a level ruler can be used for measurement. During the laying process, special attention should be paid to the splicing between adjacent rock wool boards, and the boards should be tightly adhered without leaving any gaps. If there is a gap that is too large, it will affect the insulation effect and may also cause cold and hot bridges on the wall. At this point, the position of the rock wool board should be adjusted in a timely manner to ensure a tight joint; If the gap is too large to be solved by adjusting the position, small rock wool boards need to be used for filling to ensure that the insulation performance of the wall is not affected.

　　2.平整度檢查與調(diào)整：每鋪貼完一塊巖棉板，都要立即使用靠尺對其平整度進(jìn)行檢查。將靠尺水平放置在巖棉板表面，檢查板與靠尺之間是否存在縫隙。規(guī)范要求巖棉板鋪貼后的平整度偏差應(yīng)控制在?±3mm?以內(nèi)，若發(fā)現(xiàn)平整度偏差超出此范圍，應(yīng)立即使用橡皮錘等工具對巖棉板進(jìn)行輕輕敲擊調(diào)整。敲擊時要注意力度均勻，避免因用力過猛導(dǎo)致巖棉板損壞。同時，在鋪貼過程中，還要時刻關(guān)注巖棉板的垂直度，可使用線墜進(jìn)行測量，確保整個墻面的垂直度誤差在規(guī)范允許范圍內(nèi)，保證墻面的美觀和保溫系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定性。

　　2. Flatness inspection and adjustment: After laying a rock wool board, immediately use a ruler to check its flatness. Place the ruler horizontally on the surface of the rock wool board and check for any gaps between the board and the ruler. The standard requires that the flatness deviation of rock wool board after laying should be controlled within? Within ± 3mm, if the flatness deviation is found to exceed this range, a rubber hammer or other tool should be used immediately to gently tap and adjust the rock wool board. When striking, pay attention to even force to avoid damaging the rock wool board due to excessive force. At the same time, during the laying process, it is necessary to constantly pay attention to the verticality of the rock wool board, which can be measured using a plumb line to ensure that the verticality error of the entire wall surface is within the allowable range of the specifications, ensuring the beauty of the wall surface and the stability of the insulation system.

　　錨固件安裝

　　Anchor installation

　　1.安裝時機(jī)：錨固件的安裝時機(jī)至關(guān)重要。應(yīng)在巖棉板粘貼牢固后進(jìn)行，一般需要等待粘結(jié)劑達(dá)到一定的固化強度，通常這個時間為?24 - 48?小時。這是因為在粘結(jié)劑未完全固化時，巖棉板與墻體之間的粘結(jié)力較弱，此時安裝錨固件，在鉆孔、敲擊等操作過程中，極有可能導(dǎo)致巖棉板松動，影響保溫系統(tǒng)的整體穩(wěn)定性。而過晚安裝錨固件，則會影響施工進(jìn)度，延誤工程周期。因此，必須嚴(yán)格把握好錨固件的安裝時機(jī)，確保施工質(zhì)量與進(jìn)度的平衡。

　　1. Installation timing: The timing of anchor installation is crucial. It should be done after the rock wool board is firmly pasted, usually waiting for the adhesive to reach a certain curing strength. What is the usual time for this? 24 - 48? Hour. This is because when the adhesive is not fully cured, the bonding force between the rock wool board and the wall is weak. At this time, installing anchor components during drilling, tapping, and other operations is highly likely to cause the rock wool board to loosen, affecting the overall stability of the insulation system. Installing anchor components too late will affect the construction progress and delay the project cycle. Therefore, it is necessary to strictly grasp the installation timing of anchor components to ensure a balance between construction quality and progress.

　　2.安裝位置：根據(jù)設(shè)計要求，在巖棉板四角及板縫中間位置確定錨固件的安裝點。一般情況下，每平方米巖棉板上的錨固件數(shù)量不少于?6?個。對于高層建筑或風(fēng)荷載較大的地區(qū)，由于保溫系統(tǒng)承受的外力更大，為了確保巖棉板的牢固性，應(yīng)適當(dāng)增加錨固件的數(shù)量，有的地區(qū)甚至要求每平方米錨固件數(shù)量達(dá)到?8 - 10?個。在確定安裝點后，使用電鉆在墻體和巖棉板上鉆孔，鉆孔深度應(yīng)略大于錨固件的有效錨固長度，一般鉆孔深度要比錨固件有效錨固長度深?5 - 10mm，這樣才能保證錨固件能夠充分錨固在墻體中，提供足夠的錨固力。

　　2. Installation position: According to the design requirements, determine the installation point of the anchor at the four corners of the rock wool board and the middle position of the board seam. In general, the number of anchor components on each square meter of rock wool board should not be less than? 6? One. For high-rise buildings or areas with high wind loads, due to the greater external force borne by the insulation system, in order to ensure the firmness of the rock wool board, the number of anchors should be appropriately increased. Some areas even require the number of anchors per square meter to reach? 8 - 10? One. After determining the installation point, use an electric drill to drill holes in the wall and rock wool board. The drilling depth should be slightly greater than the effective anchoring length of the anchor. Generally, the drilling depth should be deeper than the effective anchoring length of the anchor? 5 - 10mm， This can ensure that the anchor can be fully anchored in the wall and provide sufficient anchoring force.

　　3.安裝方法：將錨固件插入鉆好的孔中，然后使用錘子或?qū)Ｓ霉ぞ邔㈠^固件的圓盤敲擊至與巖棉板表面齊平。在安裝過程中，要確保錨固件垂直于墻面，若錨固件傾斜，其錨固力會大打折扣，無法有效抵御外力。同時，要保證錨固牢固，不得出現(xiàn)松動現(xiàn)象。安裝完成后，應(yīng)對錨固件的安裝質(zhì)量進(jìn)行逐一檢查，可通過輕輕晃動錨固件來判斷其是否牢固。如有不符合要求的情況，如錨固件松動、傾斜等，應(yīng)及時返工處理，重新安裝，確保每一個錨固件都能發(fā)揮其應(yīng)有的作用。

　　3. Installation method: Insert the anchor into the drilled hole, and then use a hammer or specialized tool to strike the disk of the anchor until it is flush with the surface of the rock wool board. During the installation process, it is important to ensure that the anchor is perpendicular to the wall. If the anchor is tilted, its anchoring force will be greatly reduced and it will not be able to effectively resist external forces. At the same time, it is necessary to ensure that the anchorage is firm and there should be no looseness. After installation, the installation quality of the anchor components should be checked one by one, and the firmness can be determined by gently shaking the anchor components. If there are any situations that do not meet the requirements, such as loose or tilted anchors, they should be reworked and reinstalled in a timely manner to ensure that each anchor can play its due role.

　　耐堿玻纖網(wǎng)格布鋪設(shè)

　　Laying of alkali resistant fiberglass mesh cloth

　　1.底層抹面膠漿涂抹：在巖棉板表面均勻涂抹一層厚度約為?2 - 3?毫米的抹面膠漿，涂抹范圍應(yīng)略大于耐堿玻纖網(wǎng)格布的尺寸。抹面膠漿要涂抹得平整、均勻，不得有漏涂或堆積現(xiàn)象。漏涂會導(dǎo)致網(wǎng)格布無法與巖棉板充分粘結(jié)，影響墻面的抗裂性能；堆積則會使墻面表面不平整，影響美觀。在涂抹過程中，可使用抹子進(jìn)行反復(fù)涂抹、壓實，確保抹面膠漿與巖棉板表面緊密結(jié)合。

　　1. Application of bottom layer plastering adhesive: Apply a layer of uniform thickness on the surface of the rock wool board? 2 - 3? The application range of millimeter plastering adhesive should be slightly larger than the size of alkali resistant fiberglass mesh cloth. The plastering adhesive should be applied smoothly and evenly, without any omissions or accumulation. Leakage of coating can cause the mesh cloth to fail to fully bond with the rock wool board, affecting the crack resistance of the wall surface; Accumulation will make the wall surface uneven, affecting its appearance. During the application process, a trowel can be used for repeated application and compaction to ensure a tight bond between the plaster and the surface of the rock wool board.

　　2.網(wǎng)格布鋪貼：將耐堿玻纖網(wǎng)格布平鋪在剛剛涂抹好的抹面膠漿上，從墻面的一端開始，緩慢、平穩(wěn)地向另一端鋪貼。同時，用抹子輕輕按壓網(wǎng)格布，使其與抹面膠漿充分貼合，確保網(wǎng)格布平整、無褶皺。褶皺會使網(wǎng)格布在受力時出現(xiàn)應(yīng)力集中，降低其抗裂效果。在鋪貼過程中，要嚴(yán)格注意網(wǎng)格布的搭接寬度，橫向搭接寬度不小于?100?毫米，縱向搭接寬度不小于?80?毫米。對于門窗洞口等部位，由于這些部位是墻面應(yīng)力集中的區(qū)域，容易出現(xiàn)裂縫，因此應(yīng)在洞口周邊的網(wǎng)格布上進(jìn)行加強處理，可采用附加一層網(wǎng)格布的方式，將附加網(wǎng)格布裁剪成合適的尺寸，鋪貼在洞口周邊，增強洞口處的抗裂性能。

　　2. Grid cloth laying: Lay the alkali resistant fiberglass grid cloth flat on the just applied plaster, starting from one end of the wall and slowly and steadily laying it towards the other end. At the same time, gently press the mesh cloth with a trowel to ensure that it is fully adhered to the plaster adhesive, ensuring that the mesh cloth is flat and wrinkle free. Wrinkles can cause stress concentration in mesh fabric under stress, reducing its crack resistance. During the laying process, strict attention should be paid to the overlap width of the mesh fabric, and the horizontal overlap width should not be less than? 100? Millimeters, with a longitudinal overlap width of not less than? 80 millimeters. For areas such as door and window openings, as these are stress concentrated areas on the wall, cracks are prone to occur. Therefore, reinforcement treatment should be carried out on the mesh cloth around the opening. An additional layer of mesh cloth can be used to cut the additional mesh cloth to a suitable size and lay it around the opening to enhance its crack resistance.

　　3.面層抹面膠漿涂抹：在網(wǎng)格布鋪貼完成后，再涂抹一層厚度約為?1 - 2?毫米的抹面膠漿，將網(wǎng)格布完全覆蓋。面層抹面膠漿要涂抹均勻，表面應(yīng)平整光滑，不得有網(wǎng)格布外露現(xiàn)象。網(wǎng)格布外露會使其在外界環(huán)境的侵蝕下逐漸損壞，失去抗裂作用。涂抹完成后，要對墻面進(jìn)行整體檢查，使用靠尺檢查墻面的平整度，觀察表面是否有漏涂、氣泡等問題。如有不平整或漏涂的地方，應(yīng)及時進(jìn)行修補，確保墻面的質(zhì)量和美觀。

　　3. Application of surface coating adhesive: After the grid cloth is laid, apply another layer with a thickness of about? 1 - 2? Apply millimeter sized plaster to completely cover the mesh cloth. The surface coating adhesive should be evenly applied, and the surface should be smooth and even without any exposed mesh cloth. The exposed mesh fabric will gradually damage and lose its crack resistance under the erosion of the external environment. After the application is completed, a comprehensive inspection of the wall should be carried out, using a ruler to check the flatness of the wall and observe whether there are any issues such as missed coating or bubbles on the surface. If there are any unevenness or missing areas, they should be repaired in a timely manner to ensure the quality and aesthetics of the wall.

　　施工注意事項氣候條件

　　Construction precautions: Climate conditions

　　1.溫度要求：施工時的環(huán)境溫度對粘結(jié)劑和抹面膠漿的固化效果有著至關(guān)重要的影響。適宜的施工溫度范圍為?5℃ - 35℃。當(dāng)環(huán)境溫度低于?5℃時，粘結(jié)劑和抹面膠漿中的水分會凍結(jié)，導(dǎo)致固化反應(yīng)無法正常進(jìn)行，其固化速度會明顯減慢，甚至可能出現(xiàn)無法固化的情況。這將嚴(yán)重影響保溫系統(tǒng)的粘結(jié)強度，使巖棉板與墻體之間的連接不牢固，在使用過程中容易出現(xiàn)脫落風(fēng)險，危及人員安全。因此，在低溫環(huán)境下施工時，必須采取相應(yīng)的保溫措施，如在施工現(xiàn)場搭建暖棚，使用暖風(fēng)機(jī)等設(shè)備對施工區(qū)域進(jìn)行加熱，將施工環(huán)境溫度提升至適宜范圍，確保粘結(jié)劑和抹面膠漿能夠正常固化，保證保溫系統(tǒng)的質(zhì)量。

　　1. Temperature requirement: The ambient temperature during construction has a crucial impact on the curing effect of the adhesive and plaster. What is the appropriate temperature range for construction? 5 ℃ -35 ℃. When the ambient temperature is below? At 5 ℃, the moisture in the adhesive and plaster slurry will freeze, causing the curing reaction to not proceed normally, and the curing speed will significantly slow down, and there may even be situations where it cannot be cured. This will seriously affect the bonding strength of the insulation system, making the connection between the rock wool board and the wall unstable, and posing a risk of detachment during use, endangering personnel safety. Therefore, corresponding insulation measures must be taken during construction in low-temperature environments, such as building a warm shed on the construction site, using equipment such as a heater to heat the construction area, raising the temperature of the construction environment to a suitable range, ensuring that the adhesive and plaster can cure normally, and ensuring the quality of the insulation system.

　　2.雨天和大風(fēng)天施工禁忌：雨水對未固化的粘結(jié)劑和抹面膠漿具有極強的沖刷作用。在施工過程中，若遇到降雨，雨水會迅速沖刷掉尚未固化的粘結(jié)劑和抹面膠漿，導(dǎo)致材料大量流失，嚴(yán)重降低粘結(jié)效果。同時，雨水還會使巖棉板受潮，巖棉板一旦受潮，其內(nèi)部纖維結(jié)構(gòu)會被破壞，保溫性能大幅下降，且長期受潮還會加速巖棉板的老化，縮短其使用壽命。

　　2. Construction taboos on rainy and windy days: Rainwater has a strong scouring effect on uncured adhesives and plaster. During the construction process, if there is rainfall, the rainwater will quickly wash away the uncured adhesive and plaster, causing a large amount of material loss and seriously reducing the bonding effect. At the same time, rainwater can also make the rock wool board damp. Once the rock wool board is damp, its internal fiber structure will be damaged, and its insulation performance will be greatly reduced. Long term dampness can also accelerate the aging of the rock wool board and shorten its service life.

　　本文由  濟(jì)南巖棉板 友情奉獻(xiàn).更多有關(guān)的知識請點擊  http://m.yetechina.com/   真誠的態(tài)度.為您提供為全面的服務(wù).更多有關(guān)的知識我們將會陸續(xù)向大家奉獻(xiàn).敬請期待.

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